Also, you could do this a lot simpler with a callout to Perl. AS
seems to expect UTF-8 rather than UTF-16 back from "do shell script",
so this works pretty well:
on getUnicode(hexString)
do shell script "perl -Mencoding=utf8 -e 'print chr(0x" & hexString & ")' "
end getUnicode
set the clipboard to getUnicode("1d12b")
Although I can't find that symbol in any font on my 10.3.9 system.
Instead, I get a boxed bass clef, which seems to be the "I know it's a
musical symbol but I don't have that particular one" glyph.