Douglas: The user defaults system of Mac OS X has multiple domains:
Global, System, User, Application. It seems logical to assume that
the defaults database setting which sets language preferences for a
user across all applications could be overridden by simply setting
the same preference as an application-specific setting, but with
different languages selected.
The setting that you want is "AppleLanguages", and it contains an
array of language identifiers in preferential order. There may be a
constant for this string (search the headers).
That said, a per-application language setting is a bit unusual. Is
there a good reason for doing this?