I'm pretty thoroughly confused about the relationships and
connections between targets, build phases, and build
configurations. They all seem like subtly different names for the
same thing.
They're not really the same thing. I assume you have a copy of the
Xcode documentation?
A target is basically a group of build phases. A target builds a
binary. A build configuration is a named group of build settings for
a target. Build settings are things like warning flags, optimization
levels, et.c.
Take a deep breath! You're new to the tool, and bound to feel a bit
confused. It will all make a lot more sense in a couple of days!
All I'm trying to do is to maintain debug and non-debug versions
of my code.
You don't have to do anything to get that. It's set up automatically
when you create a new project.
Perhaps I should say that you shouldn't be able to add multiple
copies of a file to the same phase of the same build configuration
of the same target. That's apparently what was happening to me. I
didn't mess with targets or phases, or whatnot. All I did was drag
files from the Finder into the project window and somehow I got
into a state where Xcode was adding a single file to the link chain
twice. Unfortunately I can't reproduce it now so I don't know
exactly what I did.
I think that there is some sort of bug in Xcode that allows for this
to happen. In Xcode 2.2 they added a warning for this so that you
could see when it happens (at build time). We had to fix this problem
in almost all of our projects. I assumes that the error had sneaked
in with some earlier version of Xcode, but perhaps the problem is
still there.
Not that it's a particularly serious bug - it's easy enough to spot
and correct.
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